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Modernity claims to be a rational form of social life and, in fact, is based on rationally designed technical artefacts and institutions informed by rational technical disciplines. This is unprecedented. Throughout human history, rationality has been confined to specific tasks rather than organizing society as a whole. Once pointed out, the strangeness of our modern way of life inspires reflection. What is the nature and role of rationality in society today? This book is inspired by the philosophy and sociology of technology to propose an answer.